There are many other factors such as the Rhesus (Rh) system which tags a + or – to the blood type (+ can receive – but not vice-a-versa) which further complicate matters but ABO is the main typing group. Whereas AB can receive blood from anyone but only donate amongst themselves. People with O blood should only receive donations from other O individuals, but can donate to anyone. However, AA is the same as AO meaning that we actually end up with four groups. Three outcomes per gene means a possible 9 combinations. We now know that this expression is determined by our genetics, meaning each individual will have two types of antigen present, which are summarized in the table below. The ABO blood system was first described at the start of the 20th century by the Austrian physician Karl Landsteiner who demonstrated that our red blood cells could carry one of two antigens (a protein which can cause immune cells to generate antibodies) on their surface A or B or none at all. ABO Blood Classificationīut before we look at that it’s worthwhile to go over the ABO blood classification as this can give us some idea where the initial blood type diet hypothesis came from, and how it might be relevant for other studies. However, there are some dietary risk factors which do seem to be associated with blood type, which can be influenced by certain dietary choices. In that respect, the blood type diet has been debunked. So is that the end? Are blood type and diet definitively not linked? Well in the sense that you should follow a particular diet based on your blood type, yes. D’Adamo’s protocols would be healthier on a diet with more animal protein.īased on the cardiometabolic markers studied, this turned out not to be the case, which may have put the final nail in the coffin for the blood type diet, at least within the scientific community. If the blood type diet had merit, the low fat vegan diet should have been well suited to type A blood types and not as well suited for those with type O blood, who under the rules of Dr. Most participants saw improvements, it’s just that no one group saw greater results for cholesterol, BMI, fasting blood sugar, HbA1c, or weight loss than another due to blood type. Barnard is a staunch advocate of plant based diets, and his blood type diet study shows no enhanced benefit for blood type A on a low-fat vegan diet vs. Barnard’s recent study follows in the same vein as the 2013 analysis I discuss above. Dr D’Adamo refutes this study on his site but once again, in a non peer review format. This study was considered the nail in the coffin of the blood type diet. Rather, it is just an effect of following a traditional “healthy” diet. So, while a positive effect from following the low meat high fruit and vegetable diet was observed, this was not associated with any particular blood group. 3 Again the paper has a lot of detail and is perhaps again summed up best by the authors: Our findings show that adherence to certain ‘Blood-Type’ diets is associated with a favorable profile for certain cardiometabolic risk factors in young adults, but these associations were not related to an individual’s ABO blood group. This systematic review was followed up by a direct study investigating blood type diet and its impact on cardiometabolic risk factors in 1,455 individuals. The paper itself is quite difficult to follow so I’ll just take this quote from the authors: None of the studies showed an association between ABO blood type diets and health-related outcomes. 1 After screening 1,415 studies, they identified 16 possible targets, which they further refined down to a single study of interest. In 2013, a group of researchers studied blood type diets comprehensively. In the early 2000’s, diets based on your ABO blood type were all the rage, with the D’Adamo diet being one of the most popular versions. Although, as I will discuss in this post, there are a few narrow redeeming qualities to this much maligned fad diet. Yes, the blood type diet is largely thin on evidence, especially after a study by plant based doctor Neil Barnard showed changes in weight, fasting blood sugar and cholesterol didn’t have anything to do with blood type in a group placed on a low-fat vegan diet. If you’re wondering whether the blood type diet has been debunked, several studies have shown a lack of efficacy for people who follow the diet looking to improve health. We get questions about the blood type diet at Gene Food because the diet claims to be able to personalize nutrition based on blood type, and people sometimes confuse it with nutrigenomic diets.
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